Mu gihe Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo yashakaga gukoresha umupira w’amaguru nk’uburyo bwo kongera isura yayo ku rwego mpuzamahanga, amasezerano yagiranye na FC Barcelona mbere yo gukubita igihwereye yari afite ubutumwa burenze siporo.
Yari igice cy’ingamba zo gukoresha ubushobozi bw’igihugu bwo gukurura abandi no kwagura ijambo ryacyo binyuze mu muco, siporo n’imikoranire mpuzamahanga, aho gukoresha imbaraga za gisirikare cyangwa iz’ubukungu.
Ariko nyuma y’igihe gito, uwo mushinga watangiye guhura n’ikibazo gikomeye. Amagambo “R.D. Congo – Cœur d’Afrique” yavuye ku myambaro y’imyitozo ya Barça, mu gihe amasezerano yahagaritswe bitewe n’amakimbirane ajyanye n’abahuza n’amafaranga yagombaga kubagenerwa.
Ibi byongeye kuzamura ibibazo ku micungire y’amasezerano ya Leta n’uburyo RDC ikoresha siporo mu guteza imbere inyungu zayo mpuzamahanga.
Amasezerano yari agamije iki?
Ku wa 30 Nyakanga 2025, FC Barcelona yatangaje ubufatanye bw’imyaka ine yagiranye na Guverinoma ya RDC, bwari buteganyijwe kurangira muri shampiyona ya 2028/29.
Muri ayo masezerano, amakipe ya Barcelona yagombaga kwambara ku myambaro y’imyitozo amagambo “R.D. Congo – Cœur d’Afrique”, asobanura RDC nk’umutima wa Afurika.
Ubufatanye kandi bwari bukubiyemo guteza imbere siporo, guhugura abatoza, gushyiraho amashuri yigisha umupira w’amaguru no guteza imbere umuco.
Hari n’igitekerezo cyo gushyiraho icyumba cya RDC muri sitade ya Spotify Camp Nou.
Mu yandi magambo, Kinshasa ntiyari iguze gusa umwanya wo kwamamaza ku myambaro y’ikipe. Yashakaga gukoresha izina rya Barcelona, abafana bayo n’ubwamamare ifite ku isi kugira ngo yongere kumenyekana, ikurure ba mukerarugendo, abashoramari n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa.
Ibi ni byo mu mibanire mpuzamahanga byitwa ububasha bwo gukurura no kwagura ijambo ry’igihugu (Soft Power). Ni uburyo igihugu kigira uruhare ku bandi binyuze mu muco, siporo, indangagaciro, ubufatanye n’isura cyubatse, aho gushingira gusa ku ngufu cyangwa igitutu.
Kuki iyi gahunda yari ingenzi kuri Félix Tshisekedi?
Perezida Félix Tshisekedi yari afite inyungu zo kongera kugaragaza RDC nk’igihugu gifite ubushobozi bwo gukorana n’ibigo bikomeye mpuzamahanga, mu gihe igihugu cyari gikomeje guhangana n’ibibazo by’umutekano mu burasirazuba bwacyo.
Mu gihe amakuru mpuzamahanga yerekeye RDC yakunze kwibanda ku ntambara, imitwe yitwaje intwaro, impunzi n’ibibazo by’umutekano, ubufatanye na Barcelona bwari uburyo bwo kugeza ku isi indi shusho y’igihugu: igihugu gifite umuco, urubyiruko, impano muri siporo n’amahirwe y’ishoramari.
Aha ni ho inyungu z’igihugu zigaragarira. Igihugu ntigishobora kwishingikiriza ku mbaraga za gisirikare gusa kugira ngo kigire ijambo ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Gishobora no gukoresha ubukungu, umuco, siporo n’imikoranire mpuzamahanga mu kugera ku ntego zacyo.
RDC yari ifite amahirwe yo gukoresha ubu bufatanye mu guteza imbere izina ryayo, ariko kandi byasabaga ko amasezerano ategurwa kandi agacungwa mu buryo buboneye, kugira ngo umusaruro wari utegerejwe ube ari wo ugerwaho.
Ikibazo cyaje kuba nde wari umuhuza w’amasezerano?
Aha ni ho inkuru itangira gufata indi sura.
Mbere y’uko Ventilo Sports yinjira muri iyi gahunda, hari sosiyete y’Abafaransa yitwa Ya’ats Sports, iyobowe na Olivier Nsiabamfumu, yari imaze igihe iri mu biganiro na Barcelona.
Nk’uko Mediapart yabitangaje, ku wa 24 Mutarama 2025, Perezida wa Barcelona, Joan Laporta, yari yandikiye Tshisekedi agaragaza Nsiabamfumu nk’umuhuza wari uri inyuma y’iyi gahunda.
Ariko ku wa 13 Gicurasi 2025, Minisitiri wa Siporo wa RDC, Didier Budimbu, yashyizeho ubundi buryo bwo gukorana na Ventilo Sports, ayiha inshingano zihariye zo gufasha mu biganiro byagejeje ku masezerano.
Ibi byahise bizamura ikibazo cy’uwari ufite uburenganzira bwo kuba umuhuza no guhembwa kuri iyi gahunda.
Umuhuza w’amasezerano (Intermediary) ni umuntu cyangwa sosiyete ifasha impande ebyiri kugirana amasezerano, ikazihuza, ikazifasha mu biganiro cyangwa mu bindi bikorwa biganisha ku masezerano.
Mu gihe umuhuza yemerewe guhembwa, amafaranga ahabwa ashobora kwitwa komisiyo (Commission).
Ariko iyo abahuza barenze umwe bagiye mu masezerano amwe, hakabaho kutumvikana ku ruhare rwa buri wese, bishobora guteza amakimbirane y’ubucuruzi n’ibibazo by’amategeko.
Ikibazo rero si ukumenya gusa uwashyize umukono ku masezerano, ahubwo ni ukumenya uwakoze iki, igihe yagikoreye, ububasha yari afite n’uburenganzira afite ku mafaranga asaba.
Miliyoni €4.3 za komisiyo zateje iki?
Amakuru yatangajwe na Mediapart agaragaza ko Ventilo Sports yari yaragenewe komisiyo ya 10% ku gaciro k’amasezerano, bivuze hafi miliyoni €4.3 mu gihe agaciro k’amasezerano kagereranywaga na miliyoni €43.
Ibi byatumye havuka kutumvikana hagati ya Ya’ats Sports na Ventilo Sports.
Ya’ats Sports yavugaga ko ari yo yari yatangiye ibiganiro kandi ikagira uruhare rukomeye mu kugeza impande zombi ku masezerano.
Ku rundi ruhande, Ventilo Sports na yo yavugaga ko yari yarahawe inshingano kandi ko yari ifite uburenganzira bwo guhembwa ku mirimo yakoze.
Barcelona yagerageje gushaka igisubizo
Mu gihe ayo makimbirane yari amaze kuvuka, FC Barcelona na yo yagerageje gushaka uburyo bwo gukemura ikibazo cy’abahuza kugira ngo amasezerano akomeze gushyirwa mu bikorwa.
Mediapart ivuga ko ku wa 28 Kamena 2025, umukozi wa Barcelona yamenyesheje Budimbu ko Ya’ats Sports ari yo yari yatangiye gukora kuri iyi gahunda mbere, bityo ko Ventilo Sports itagombaga guhabwa komisiyo nk’aho ari yo yonyine yari yaragize uruhare mu masezerano.
Nyuma, ku wa 30 Kamena, havuzwe igitekerezo cyo kugabanya komisiyo no gushaka uburyo impande zombi z’abahuza zagira icyo zihabwa.
Ariko ibiganiro ntibyatanze umuti urambye, maze amasezerano aza guhagarikwa.
Ibi bigaragaza ko amakimbirane y’ubucuruzi ashobora kugira ingaruka ku mushinga wose, nubwo impande ziwugizemo uruhare zaba zifite inyungu zo kuwushyira mu bikorwa.
Iyo siporo ihindutse igikoresho cya dipolomasi
Mu mboni za politiki mpuzamahanga, iyi gahunda ntigomba kurebwa nk’amasezerano asanzwe yo kwamamaza gusa.
Ishobora no gusesengurwa nk’igikoresho cya dipolomasi ishingiye kuri siporo (Sports Diplomacy).
Dipolomasi ishingiye kuri siporo ni uburyo igihugu gikoresha amarushanwa, amakipe, ibigo bya siporo n’imikoranire y’abakinnyi kugira ngo cyubake umubano, kigaragaze umuco wacyo kandi cyagure ijambo ryacyo ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Iyo igihugu gikoresheje ikipe ifite abafana benshi ku isi, kiba gifite amahirwe yo kugeza ubutumwa bwacyo ku bantu benshi mu gihe gito.
Ibi bishobora kugifasha kumenyekana no kongera amahirwe yo gukorana n’abandi.
Ariko kugira ngo ubu buryo bugire umusaruro urambye, ntibihagije kugira ikirango kizwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Hakenewe n’imicungire iboneye y’amasezerano, igenzura ry’amafaranga n’uburyo bwo gusobanura umusaruro w’ayo masezerano.
Isura y’igihugu (National Image) ishobora kuzamuka binyuze mu mikoranire ya siporo, ariko ishobora no guhungabanywa n’ibibazo by’imicungire y’iyo mikoranire.
U Rwanda na RDC: Irushanwa ryo kubaka isura mpuzamahanga
Iyi nkuru inafungura umuryango wo kugereranya uburyo ibihugu byo mu karere bikoresha siporo mu guteza imbere inyungu zabyo.
U Rwanda rwakoresheje gahunda ya Visit Rwanda mu kwamamaza ubukerarugendo no kubaka isura yarwo ku rwego mpuzamahanga, binyuze mu bufatanye n’amakipe akomeye y’umupira w’amaguru.
RDC na yo yashakaga gukoresha ubufatanye na Barcelona mu kumenyekanisha igihugu, umuco wacyo n’amahirwe ari muri cyo.
Ibi bigaragaza uburyo siporo ishobora guhinduka urubuga rwo guhatanira kumenyekana, gukurura abashoramari no kwagura imikoranire mpuzamahanga.
Mu isesengura rya geopolitiki, ibi bishobora kurebwa nk’irushanwa ryo kugira ijambo no gukurura abandi (Influence Competition). Icyakora, kuba ibihugu byombi bikoresha siporo mu kwamamaza igihugu ntibihita bivuga ko buri bufatanye bugamije guhangana hagati yabyo.
Ikibazo cy’ingenzi ni ukumenya niba buri gihugu gifite intego zisobanutse, uburyo bwo kuzipima n’ubushobozi bwo gucunga neza imishinga kigiramo uruhare.
Ikibazo cy’imiyoborere n’uburyo bwo gukoresha umutungo wa Leta
Iyo Leta ishyize amafaranga mu masezerano agamije guteza imbere isura y’igihugu, abaturage baba bafite uburenganzira bwo kumenya uko ayo mafaranga ategurwa, uko akoreshwa n’inyungu igihugu cyayavanye muri ayo masezerano.
Ibi ni byo byitwa imiyoborere iboneye (Good Governance), ishingiye ku mucyo, kubazwa inshingano, kubahiriza amategeko no gukoresha umutungo wa Leta mu buryo bufitiye rubanda akamaro.
Mu masezerano ya RDC na Barcelona, ikibazo cy’abahuza gituma habazwa ibibazo byinshi: Ese inshingano z’abahuza zari zisobanutse? Ese buri wese yari afite ububasha bumwemerera gukora ibyo yakoze? Ese komisiyo zari zarateganyijwe mu buryo bwumvikanyweho? Ese hari uburyo bwo kugenzura amafaranga n’inyungu igihugu cyagombaga kubona?
Ibi ni ibibazo bigomba gusubizwa n’inyandiko z’amasezerano, ibisobanuro by’impande bireba n’ibindi bimenyetso byemewe.
Ntabwo kuba hari amakimbirane hagati y’abahuza bihita byemeza ko habayeho ruswa cyangwa kunyereza umutungo. Ariko ni impamvu ifatika yo gusaba ibisobanuro birambuye ku micungire y’umushinga.
Iyo intego nziza zihuye n’imikorere idasobanutse
Mu isesengura ry’ingamba z’igihugu, hari itandukaniro hagati y’icyo igihugu gishaka kugeraho n’uburyo gikoresha kugira ngo kibigereho.
RDC yashakaga kongera kumenyekana, guteza imbere siporo no gukorana n’ikigo mpuzamahanga gifite izina rikomeye.
Izo ni intego zishobora kugira akamaro mu kubaka isura y’igihugu.
Ariko iyo uburyo bwo kugera kuri izo ntego butateguwe neza, bushobora gutuma inyungu zari zitegerejwe zitagerwaho.
Aha ni ho haboneka intege nke mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ingamba. Ni ukuvuga itandukaniro riri hagati y’intego zateganyijwe n’ibikorwa bifatika bigomba kuzigeraho.
Mu gihe amasezerano yahagaritswe, RDC ishobora kuba itakaje amahirwe yo gukomeza kwamamaza izina ryayo binyuze muri Barcelona, mu gihe hakiri ibibazo byo kumenya uko amafaranga yari ateganyijwe yakoreshejwe n’inyungu zagezweho.
Ese RDC ishobora gusubukura amasezerano?
Mu gihe kiri imbere, hari inzira zitandukanye zishobora gukemura iki kibazo, zirimo gukemura amakimbirane hagati y’abahuza.
Impande z’abahuza n’abandi bireba bashobora kumvikana ku nshingano, komisiyo n’uburenganzira kuri ayo masezerano.
Kongera kugirana amasezerano: RDC na Barcelona bashobora kugirana ubundi bufatanye bushya, bushingiye ku nshingano zisobanutse no ku buryo bwumvikanyweho bwo kugenzura imari.
Guhagarika burundu umushinga: Niba impande bireba zitabonye umuti, ubufatanye bushobora kutongera gusubukurwa, bigasaba RDC gushaka ubundi buryo bwo guteza imbere isura yayo.
Izi ni inzira zishoboka, si ibyemejwe ko bizaba. Icyo zizashingiraho ni uko amakimbirane azakemurwa, uko impande zombi zizongera kugirirana icyizere n’uko inyungu z’amasezerano zizongera gusuzumwa.
Isura y’igihugu ikenera imiyoborere iboneye
Inkuru ya RDC na Barcelona irerekana ko gukoresha siporo mu kubaka isura y’igihugu bishobora kuba igikoresho gikomeye cya dipolomasi. Ariko kandi, igaragaza ko kugira igitekerezo cyiza bidahagije iyo uburyo bwo kugishyira mu bikorwa budasobanutse.
Igihugu gishobora kugira amafaranga yo kugura kwamamara, ariko ntibivuze ko gihita kibona ijambo, icyizere n’inyungu z’igihe kirekire.
Icy’ingenzi ni ukumenya uko ayo masezerano ategurwa, uko ashyirwa mu bikorwa, uko agenzurwa n’uko inyungu zayo zipimwa.
Ku bwa RDC, ikibazo ntikiri gusa ukumenya impamvu Barcelona itakigaragaza izina ryayo ku myambaro y’imyitozo.
Ni no kumenya niba gahunda yari igamije guteza imbere isura y’igihugu yaracungiwe mu buryo bujyanye n’intego zayo.
Mu rwego rwa geopolitiki, ububasha bwo gukurura abandi ntibupimirwa gusa ku mubare w’abantu babonye izina ry’igihugu, ahubwo bunapimirwa ku cyizere igihugu cyubaka, ku bufatanye kigiramo uruhare no ku nyungu zirambye kigeraho.
Ni yo mpamvu ikibazo cya Barça na RDC gikwiye kurebwa nk’isomo ku bihugu byose bikoresha siporo mu kwamamaza igihugu: iyo isura mpuzamahanga itajyanye n’imiyoborere iboneye, igikoresho cyagombaga kubaka ijambo ry’igihugu gishobora no kuvamo ikibazo cyangiza icyizere cyari kigamijwe.