U Rwanda na Singapore byashyizeho uburyo bwo kugenzura imishinga n’inguzanyo za karuboni bigurishwa ku isoko mpuzamahanga, hagamijwe kwirinda ko igabanuka ry’imyuka ihumanya ikirere ribarwa kabiri no kurinda agaciro k’ubu bucuruzi.
Ibi byagarutsweho mu nama mpuzamahanga ya Africa Carbon Markets Summit 2026, iri kubera i Kigali kuva ku wa 13 kugeza ku wa 15 Ukwakira 2026.
Umuyobozi Mukuru Wungirije w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ibidukikije (REMA), Munyazikwiye Faustin, yavuze ko ubu bufatanye bushingiye ku ngingo ya 6.2 y’Amasezerano y’i Paris yerekeye imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Yasobanuye ko ibihugu byombi byagiranye amasezerano y’ubufatanye agamije gushyira mu bikorwa iyo ngingo, hagamijwe ko inguzanyo za karuboni zigurishwa zishingira ku igabanuka ry’imyuka ryapimwe kandi ryagenzuwe, ritabangamira intego buri gihugu cyiyemeje kugeraho mu kurengera ikirere.
U Rwanda rufite intego zo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere
Munyazikwiye yavuze ko u Rwanda rwiyemeje kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku kigero cya 53% ugereranyije n’ingano rwaba rwasohoye iyo rukomeza ibikorwa bisanzwe, mu gihe intego z’igihe kirekire zigaragaza kugabanya iyo myuka ku kigero cya 40% bitarenze mu 2035.
Yagaragaje ko kugira ngo intego zigerweho, ari ngombwa gutandukanya ibikorwa u Rwanda rushobora gukora rwifashishije ubushobozi rufite n’ibindi bikeneye inkunga mpuzamahanga.
Yavuze ko ibikorwa bingana na 7% by’igenamigambi ryo kugabanya imyuka byitezweho gukorwa nta nkunga y’inyongera, mu gihe ibingana na 46% bisaba inkunga kugira ngo bishoboke.
Ni muri urwo rwego u Rwanda rugomba kugenzura imishinga yemerewe kugurisha inguzanyo za karuboni, kugira ngo rutagurisha igabanuka ry’imyuka rukenera kugeraho kugira ngo rwuzuze intego zarwo.
Komite ihuriweho izajya igenzura imishinga
Mu rwego rwo kugenzura ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’aya masezerano, u Rwanda na Singapore byashyizeho komite ihuriweho n’impande zombi, ishinzwe gukurikirana imishinga n’inguzanyo za karuboni bijyanye n’ubu bufatanye.
Iyi komite igenzura niba imishinga yujuje ibisabwa, niba igabanuka ry’imyuka ivugwaho ari iry’ukuri kandi rishobora kugenzurwa, ndetse niba uburyo bwo kubara no gutanga raporo bwubahirizwa.
Intego ni ukwirinda ko igabanuka rimwe ry’imyuka rikoreshwa n’ibihugu bibiri icyarimwe mu kwerekana ko byageze ku ntego zabyo zo kurengera ikirere.
U Rwanda rufite imishinga 29 ku isoko rya karuboni
Kugeza ubu, u Rwanda rufite imishinga 29 yanditswe ku isoko ry’inguzanyo za karuboni. Iyo mishinga iri mu byiciro bitandukanye, aho imwe yatangiye kugurisha inguzanyo, mu gihe indi ikiri kugenzurwa kugira ngo hemezwe ko yujuje ibisabwa.
Iyi mishinga ikubiyemo kubungabunga amashyamba n’ubutaka, ubuhinzi, gukoresha ingufu zisubira, gucunga imyanda n’ubwikorezi bukoresha amashanyarazi.
Inguzanyo za karuboni zikora gute?
Inguzanyo ya karuboni ni igipimo gihagarariye igabanuka cyangwa ikurwaho ry’imyuka ihumanya ikirere, iyo bibarwa kandi bikagenzurwa hakurikijwe uburyo bwemewe.
Izi nguzanyo zishobora kugurishwa ku isoko mpuzamahanga, aho ibigo cyangwa ibihugu bishobora kuziguze mu rwego rwo gushyigikira intego zabyo zo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere.
Iri soko riha ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere amahirwe yo kubona inkunga yo gushyira mu bikorwa imishinga irengera ikirere, mu gihe ibihugu cyangwa ibigo bigura izo nguzanyo bishobora kuzifashisha mu kugera ku ntego zabyo, hakurikijwe amategeko n’amabwiriza mpuzamahanga.
Icyakora, kugira ngo ubu bucuruzi bugire akamaro, hagomba kubaho uburyo bwizewe bwo gupima no kugenzura igabanuka ry’imyuka, no kwirinda ko igabanuka rimwe ribarwa n’impande zirenze imwe.
Ingingo ya 6.2 y’Amasezerano y’i Paris ni imwe mu nzira ibihugu bishobora gukoresha mu gufatanya kugera ku ntego zo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, hashingiwe ku mabwiriza yo kubara no gutanga raporo yumvikanyweho ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
