Guverinoma y’u Bwongereza yagabanyije inkunga y’iterambere yahaga ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’Ibihugu bikoresha Ururimi rw’Icyongereza (Commonwealth), birimo u Rwanda. Iri gabanyuka rizajya ryiyongera kuri buri mwaka w'ingengo y'imari kugeza mu wa 2028-2029 ubwo hazafatwa ikindi cyemezo kuri iyi ngingo.
Mu gihe ingengo y’imari y’u Bwongereza igenerwa inkunga y’iterambere mu mahanga yagabanyijwe cyane muri rusange, ibihugu bigize Commonwealth ni bimwe mu byagizweho ingaruka zikomeye. Ibi bigaragazwa n’isesengura ryakozwe ku mibare y’inkunga yatanzwe mu bihe bishize n’iteganyijwe mu myaka iri imbere.
Inkunga u Bwongereza bwageneraga ibihugu bya Commonwealth byari bisanzwe bifitanye na bwo gahunda z’ubufatanye bw’inkunga itangwa hagati y’ibihugu byombi (bilateral aid) izagabanuka, ivuye kuri miliyoni 546 z’amapawundi mu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari wa 2024-2025, igere kuri miliyoni 131 z’amapawundi mu wa 2028-2029. Muri ayo mafaranga, Nigeria izahabwa miliyoni 68 z’amapawundi, hasigare miliyoni 63 z’amapawundi azagenerwa ibindi bihugu.
Ku Rwanda, inkunga u Bwongereza bwaruhaga izagabanuka, ivuye kuri miliyoni hafi 30 z’amapawundi mu 2024-2025, igere kuri miliyoni eshanu mu 2028-2029.
Ku rubuga rw'Inteko ishinga amategeko y'Ubwongereza, ku Rwanda, amakuru BWIZA yabonye avuga ko " U Bwongereza buzahindura imiterere y’ubufatanye busanzwe bufitanye n’iki gihugu, bukibanda ku gusangira ubumenyi n’ubuhanga mu bya tekiniki no gushora imari. Ubu bufatanye buzibanda cyane ku nzego z’ingenzi zirimo gutera inkunga ibikorwa byo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, guteza imbere ubukungu burimo bose no kongera ubushobozi bw’abaturage. Ibi kandi bizafasha gukomeza no guteza imbere umubano mugari u Bwongereza bufitanye n’iki gihugu, gifatwa nk’urugero rw’iterambere ibindi bihugu byo muri aka karere byakwigiraho."
Uko imyaka izagenda ihita, inkunga u Rwanda rugenerwa n'Ubwongereza izagenda igabanyuka. Nk’uko imibare ya Guverinoma y’u Bwongereza yatangajwe muri Nyakanga 2026 ibigaragaza, inkunga itaziguye ihabwa u Rwanda binyuze muri gahunda z’ubufatanye hagati y’ibihugu byombi izagabanuka ku kigero cya 83%. Dore uko biteye:
Mu mwaka w'ingengo y'imari 2025-2026, inkunga yari miliyoni £28. Uwa 2026-2027 inkunga izaba ari miliyoni £12 miliyoni, uwa 2027-2028 inkunga izaba ari miliyoni£6.6 naho mu w'ingengo y'imari muwa 2028-2029 inkunga izaba ari miliyoni £5.
Aya makuru agaragajwe mu gihe Umwami Charles III yitabiriye inama y’abakuru b’ibihugu na za guverinoma bigize Commonwealth (CHOGM), iri kubera muri iki cyumweru muri Antigua. Muri iyo nama, Umwami yavuze ko ari ngombwa kwemera ububabare bukomeye n’akarengane byatewe n’ubucakara. Icyakora, Guverinoma ya Burnham yakoze ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ibiganiro ku ndishyi zigenewe abakomotse ku bagizwe abacakara bitaba ku murongo w’ibyigwa by’iyo nama.
Guverinoma y’u Bwongereza bumaze igihe bugabanya inkunga bwahaga ibihugu byateye imbere mu buryo bwihuse, ubu bikaba byashyizwe mu cyiciro cy’ibihugu bifite ubukungu buciriritse, birimo u Buhinde na Antigua.
Icyakora, igabanywa ry’inkunga ku bindi bihugu bigize Commonwealth rirakabije kurushaho, rikaba rinareba ibihugu byinshi bikiri mu bikennye cyane ku isi n’ibifite ibibazo bikomeye by’umwenda.
Urugero ni Sierra Leone, kimwe mu bihugu biri mu cyiciro cy’ibihugu bidateye imbere cyane ku isi. Inkunga y’u Bwongereza iki gihugu cyahabwaga izagabanuka, ivuye kuri miliyoni hafi 30 z’amapawundi mu 2024-2025, igere kuri miliyoni eshanu mu 2028-2029. U Bwongereza na Sierra Leone bizafatanya kuyobora ibiganiro bizibanda ku ngamba zo guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, mu nama mpuzamahanga ya COP31 izabera muri Turukiya mu cyumweru gitaha.
Inkunga Tanzania ihabwa na yo izagabanuka cyane, ivuye kuri miliyoni 60 z’amapawundi mu 2025-2026, igere kuri miliyoni eshanu mu 2028-2029. Naho ishami rishinzwe iterambere ry’akarere ka Karayibe (Caribbean Development Team) rizagabanyirizwa inkunga, ivuye kuri miliyoni zisaga 98 z’amapawundi mu 2025-2026, ikagera kuri miliyoni 45 mu 2026-2027.
Nigeria izakomeza kuba kimwe mu bihugu bya Commonwealth bihabwa inkunga nyinshi n’u Bwongereza. Biteganyijwe ko izahabwa miliyoni 68 z’amapawundi mu 2028-2029, avuye kuri miliyoni 137 z’amapawundi izahabwa muri uyu mwaka.
Impuguke zabwiye The Guardian ko inkunga igenerwa ibikorwa byo kubungabunga ibidukikije na yo yagizweho ingaruka zikomeye.
Ibi byatewe n’uko ibihugu byinshi bigize Commonwealth bitagabanyirijwe gusa inkunga y’iterambere, ahubwo byanakuwe mu bihugu byemerewe gusaba inkunga itangwa binyuze muri gahunda ya Darwin Initiative, igamije gushyigikira ibikorwa byo kubungabunga ibidukikije n’ibinyabuzima.
Nibura ibihugu 26 bigize Commonwealth byambuwe amahirwe yo kubona inkunga binyuze muri gahunda ya Darwin Initiative yari imaze igihe ishyirwa mu bikorwa, yatangagaho amafaranga agera kuri miliyoni 40 z’amapawundi buri mwaka.
Adrian Gahan, uhagarariye ibikorwa by’umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta wa Campaign for Nature mu Bwongereza, yagize ati: “Inkunga u Bwongereza buha ibihugu bigize Commonwealth yagabanutse cyane mu myaka ishize, kandi hateganyijwe ko izakomeza kugabanuka. Bimwe mu bihugu bifite urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima rukungahaye cyane ku isi, ibyinshi muri byo bikaba binahanganye n’ubukene bukabije, biri guhura n’igabanuka rikomeye ry’inkunga byahabwaga. Urugero, ishami ry’u Bwongereza rishinzwe iterambere ry’akarere ka Karayibe riteganyijwe kugabanyirizwa inkunga irenga kimwe cya kabiri hagati y’uyu mwaka n’utaha.”
Yagaragaje kandi itandukaniro riri hagati y’imyitwarire ya Guverinoma y’u Bwongereza mu nama ya CHOGM n’uruzinduko rw’Umwami Charles III mu karere ka Karayibe.
Gahan yagize ati: “Muri iki cyumweru, Umwami yitabiriye itangizwa rya gahunda nshya ya Commonwealth yo kubungabunga ibidukikije, igamije kongera imbaraga mu kurengera ibidukikije mu bihugu bigize uyu muryango. Icyakora, Guverinoma y’u Bwongereza yananiwe gutanga inkunga y’amafaranga muri iyo gahunda.”
Jean McLean, ushinzwe ibikorwa byo guharanira impinduka muri Oxfam GB, yagize ati: “Guverinoma y’u Bwongereza yananiwe gushyira mu bikorwa neza inshingano zayo mu bijyanye n’ingengo y’imari igenerwa inkunga y’iterambere, kandi ibi bibaye mu gihe amakimbirane, ibibazo by’ubutabazi bwihutirwa, inzara n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere bikomeje gutuma ubufasha bukenewe ku isi bugera ku rwego rwo hejuru rutigeze rubaho.
“Izi ngamba zo kugabanya inkunga ntizizumvikanira cyane mu nzego za Leta i Westminster, ahubwo zizumvikanira ku miryango ihanganye n’inzara, ku bana bamburwa ubuvuzi n’uburezi, ndetse no ku baturage baharanira kurokoka ingaruka z’amakimbirane n’ibiza biterwa n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.”
Umuvugizi w’Urwego rushinzwe Ububanyi n’Amahanga, Commonwealth n’Iterambere (FCDO) yavuze ko: “U Bwongereza buzakomeza gushora amafaranga mu bikorwa by’iterambere mu karere ka Karayibe, bitewe n’uko ako karere kihariye mu guhura n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere n’ibibazo by’ubukungu, ndetse n’akamaro gafitiye u Bwongereza mu rwego rw’ingamba z’ubufatanye mpuzamahanga. Kubera ko ingengo y’imari y’inkunga yagabanutse, twibanda ku mishinga mike ariko ifite umusaruro munini.”
Yakomeje agira ati: “Urwego rwa FCDO ruzakomeza gukoresha hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy’ingengo yarwo yose igenerwa inkunga y’iterambere muri Afurika yo munsi y’Ubutayu bwa Sahara, ku kigero cyenda gusa n’icyo rwakoreshaga mu myaka ishize. Ibi birimo inkunga y’u Bwongereza itangwa binyuze mu miryango mpuzamahanga igera kuri miliyari imwe y’amapawundi buri mwaka. Muri iyo nkunga harimo n’amafaranga u Bwongereza bwongereye gutanga mu Ishami rya Banki y’Isi rishinzwe Iterambere Mpuzamahanga (IDA), ritangiramo hafi bibiri bya gatatu by’inkunga yaryo muri Afurika.”